说明:
Nginx负载均衡服务器:
系统:CentOS 5.5
IP:192.168.21.164
Web服务器列表:
Web1:192.168.21.160
Web2:192.168.21.169
实现目的:
用户访问192.168.21.164服务器时,通过Nginx负载均衡到Web1和Web2服务器
下面配置Nginx负载均衡服务器
准备篇:
一、配置好IP、DNS 、网关,确保使用远程连接工具能够连接服务器
二、配置防火墙,开启80端口
系统运维 www.osyunwei.com 温馨提醒:qihang01原创内容©版权所有,转载请注明出处及原文链接
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables #编辑防火墙配置文件,添加以下内容
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
特别提示:很多网友把这两条规则添加到防火墙配置的最后一行,导致防火墙启动失败,正确的应该是添加到默认的22端口这条规则的下面
添加好之后防火墙规则如下所示:
#####################################################################
# Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0]
-A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 51 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d 224.0.0.251 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
#####################################################################
/etc/init.d/iptables restart #最后重启防火墙使配置生效
三、关闭SELINUX
vi /etc/selinux/config #编辑配置文件
#SELINUX=enforcing #注释掉
#SELINUXTYPE=targeted #注释掉
SELINUX=disabled #增加
:wq #保存
shutdown -r now #重启系统
四 、系统约定
软件源代码包存放位置:/usr/local/src
源码包编译安装位置:/usr/local/软件名字
五、下载软件包
1、下载nginx(目前稳定版)
http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.15.tar.gz
2、下载pcre (支持nginx伪静态)
ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.30.tar.gz
3、下载ngx_cache_purge(清除指定URL缓存,方便以后扩展配置nginx缓存服务器)
http://labs.frickle.com/files/ngx_cache_purge-1.5.tar.gz
六、安装编译工具及库文件(使用CentOS yum命令安装,安装的包比较多,方便以后配置lnmp环境)
yum install make apr* autoconf automake curl curl-devel gcc gcc-c++ zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel gd kernel keyutils patch perl kernel-headers compat* cpp glibc libgomp libstdc++-devel keyutils-libs-devel libsepol-devel libselinux-devel krb5-devel zlib-devel libXpm* freetype libjpeg* libpng* php-common php-gd ncurses* libtool* libxml2 libxml2-devel patch
安装篇
以下是用putty工具远程登录到服务器,在命令行下面操作的
安装pcre
cd /usr/local/src
mkdir /usr/local/pcre #创建安装目录
tar zxvf pcre-8.30.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.30
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre #配置
make
make install
安装 nginx
groupadd www #添加www组
useradd -g www www -s /bin/false #创建nginx运行账户www并加入到www组,不允许www用户直接登录系统cd /usr/local/src #进入安装目录
tar zxvf ngx_cache_purge-1.5.tar.gz #解压
tar zxvf nginx-1.0.15.tar.gz #解压
cd nginx-1.0.15
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --without-http_memcached_module
--user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=/usr/ --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.30 --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-1.5 #配置
注意:--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.30指向的是源码包解压的路径,而不是安装的路径,否则会报错
make #编译
make install #安装
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #启动Nginx
=======================================================
设置nginx开启启动
vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #编辑启动文件添加下面内容
#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# it is v.0.0.2 version.
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
# It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx"
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
echo "nginx already running...."
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
return $RETVAL
}
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $nginxd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
killproc $nginxd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
=======================================================
:wq! #保存退出
chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #赋予文件执行权限
chkconfig nginx on #设置开机启动
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx restart #重启Nginx
=======================================================
配置篇
配置Nginx
cp /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.confbak #备份nginx配置文件
(一)、设置nginx运行账号
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #编辑
找到user nobody;修改为
user www www; #在第一行
(二)、禁止nginx空主机头
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #编辑
找到server,在上面一行添加如下内容:
##############################
server {
listen 80 default;
server_name _;
location / {
root html;
return 404;
}
location ~ /.ht {
deny all;
}
}
##############################
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx restart #重启nginx
这样设置之后,空主机头访问会直接跳转到nginx404错误页面。
(三)、添加nginx虚拟主机包含文件
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ #进入nginx安装目录
mkdir vhost #建立虚拟目录
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #编辑
找到上一步添加的代码,在最后添加如下内容:
include vhost/*.conf;
例如:
##############################
server {
listen 80 default;
server_name _;
location / {
root html;
return 404;
}
location ~ /.ht {
deny all;
}
}
include vhost/*.conf;
##############################
(四)、添加Web服务器列表文件
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ #进入目录
touch mysvrhost.conf #建立文件
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #编辑
找到上一步添加的代码,在下面添加一行
include mysvrhost.conf;
系统运维 www.osyunwei.com 温馨提醒:qihang01原创内容©版权所有,转载请注明出处及原文链接
(五)、设置nginx全局参数
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #编辑
worker_processes 2; # 工作进程数,为CPU的核心数或者两倍
events
{
use epoll; #增加
worker_connections 65535; #修改为65535,最大连接数。
}
#############以下代码在http { 部分增加与修改##############
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; #增加
client_header_buffer_size 32k; #增加
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; #增加
client_max_body_size 300m; #增加
tcp_nopush on; #修改为on
keepalive_timeout 60; #修改为60
tcp_nodelay on; #增加
server_tokens off; #增加,不显示nginx版本信息
gzip on; #修改为on
gzip_min_length 1k; #增加
gzip_buffers 4 16k; #增加
gzip_http_version 1.1; #增加
gzip_comp_level 2; #增加
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; #增加
gzip_vary on; #增加
(六)、设置Web服务器列表
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ #进入目录
vi mysvrhost.conf #编辑,添加以下代码
upstream osyunweihost {
server 192.168.21.160:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 192.168.21.169:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
ip_hash;
}
(七)、新建虚拟主机配置文件
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost #进入虚拟主机目录
touch osyunwei.conf #建立虚拟主机配置文件
vi osyunwei.conf #编辑
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.osyunwei.com bbs.osyunwei.com sns.osyunwei.com;
location /
{
proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
proxy_pass http://osyunweihost;
#proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log access;
location /NginxStatus {
stub_status on;
access_log on;
auth_basic "NginxStatus";
#auth_basic_user_file pwd;
}
}
:wq! #保存配置
service nginx restart #重启nginx
测试篇
域名:
www.osyunwei.com
bbs.osyunwei.com
sns.osyunwei.com
分别解析到192.168.21.164
客户访问这三个站点的时候,Nginx根据客户访问的ip_hash值,负载均衡到Web1和Web2服务器上
至此,Nginx负载均衡服务器配置教程完成
系统运维 www.osyunwei.com 温馨提醒:qihang01原创内容©版权所有,转载请注明出处及原文链接
附:相关配置文件
1、/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www; worker_processes 2; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; } http { include mysvrhost.conf; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 300m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; server_tokens off; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; server { listen 80 default; server_name _; location / { root html; return 404; } location ~ /.ht { deny all; } } include vhost/*.conf; }
2、/usr/local/nginx/conf/mysvrhost.conf
upstream osyunweihost { server 192.168.21.160:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; server 192.168.21.169:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; ip_hash; }
3、/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/osyunwei.conf
server { listen 80; server_name bbs.osyunwei.com sns.osyunwei.com; location / { proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; proxy_pass http://osyunweihost; #proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; } log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request ' '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log access; location /NginxStatus { stub_status on; access_log on; auth_basic "NginxStatus"; #auth_basic_user_file pwd; } }
你的文章写的好详细,非常用心,真的非常感谢分享!可以帮助到更多需要帮助的人!
这篇文章还真不错,谢谢提供分享
请问下楼主,您分析的是nginx负载均衡的服务器,请问下那两个负载均衡的web服务器要如何配置,还是有点含糊,我实验了一个项目,就是负载过去web服务器提示404错误,麻烦您指导下,谢谢
http://www.osyunwei.com/archives/category/linux/lnmp
web服务器配置
楼主辛苦了,想问一下楼主,架设好后显示的乱码 这个在哪里修改呢?
好,收藏学习了
非常感谢。
感谢分享!!!!
正在学习nginx,谢谢哦哦。