RHEL/Alma Linux/Rocky Linux/CentOS/Debian/Ubuntu Linux FreeBSD 服务器教程 | Windows Server 2003/2008/2012/2016/2019/2022服务器教程

说明：

Kickstart服务器系统：CentOS 5.10 64位

IP地址：192.168.21.128

需要安装部署的Linux系统：CentOS 5.10 64位

eth0（第一块网卡，用于外网）IP地址段：192.168.21.160-192.168.21.200

eth1（第二块网卡，用于内网）IP地址段：10.0.0.160-10.0.0.200

子网掩码：255.255.255.0

网关：192.168.21.2

DNS：8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

所有服务器均支持PXE网络启动

实现目的：通过配置Kickstart服务器，全自动批量安装部署Linux系统

具体操作：

第一部分：在Kickstart服务器系统操作

一、关闭SELINUX

vi /etc/selinux/config

#SELINUX=enforcing #注释掉

#SELINUXTYPE=targeted #注释掉

SELINUX=disabled #增加

:wq! #保存退出

setenforce 0 #使配置立即生效

二、配置防火墙，开启TCP：80端口、UDP：69端口

vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables #编辑

-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT #http服务需要此端口

-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 69 -j ACCEPT #tftp服务需要此端口

/etc/init.d/iptables restart #最后重启防火墙使配置生效

三、安装http服务器

yum install httpd #安装

chkconfig httpd on #设置开机启动

service httpd start #启动

四、挂载系统安装镜像到http服务器站点目录

上传系统安装镜像文件CentOS-5.10-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso到/usr/local/src/目录

mkdir -p /var/www/html/os #创建挂载目录

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /usr/local/src/CentOS-5.10-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso /var/www/html/os #挂载系统镜像

vi /etc/fstab #添加以下代码。实现开机自动挂载

/usr/local/src/CentOS-5.10-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso /var/www/html/os iso9660 defaults,ro,loop 0 0

:wq! #保存退出

备注：iso9660使用df -T 查看设备 卸载：umount /var/www/html/os

五、安装tftp服务器

yum install tftp tftp-server #安装

vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp #编辑

service tftp

{

socket_type = dgram

protocol = udp

wait = yes

user = root

server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot

disable = no

per_source = 11

cps = 100 2

flags = IPv4

}

:wq! #保存退出

service xinetd start #启动

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot

cp /var/www/html/os/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot

cp /var/www/html/os/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

cp /var/www/html/os/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default #拷贝启动菜单

vi /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default #编辑修改

default linux

prompt 0

timeout 600

display boot.msg

F1 boot.msg

F2 options.msg

F3 general.msg

F4 param.msg

F5 rescue.msg

label linux

kernel vmlinuz

append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.21.128/ks.cfg ksdevice=eth0 ip=dhcp

label text

kernel vmlinuz

append initrd=initrd.img text

label ks

kernel vmlinuz

append ks initrd=initrd.img

label local

localboot 1

label memtest86

kernel memtest

append -

:wq! #保存退出

chmod 644 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default #设置文件权限

yum install syslinux #安装引导程序

cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/ #拷贝引导文件到tftp服务器根目录

六、安装DHCP服务器

yum install dhcp #安装

cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf #复制配置文件模板

vi /etc/dhcpd.conf #编辑配置文件

ddns-update-style interim; #设置DHCP服务器模式

ignore client-updates; #禁止客户端更新

subnet 192.168.21.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { #设置网段

option routers 192.168.21.2; #设置网关

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; #设置子网掩码

option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4; #设置dns服务器地址

range dynamic-bootp 192.168.21.160 192.168.21.200; #设置dhcp服务器IP地址租用的范围

default-lease-time 21600; #默认租约时间

max-lease-time 43200; #最大租约时间

next-server 192.168.21.128; #tftp服务器地址

filename "pxelinux.0"; #tftp服务器根目录下面的文件名

}

:wq! #保存退出

vi /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd #指定DHCP服务的网络接口

DHCPDARGS=eth0

:wq! #保存退出

dhcpd #测试dhcp服务器配置是否正确

service dhcpd start #启动dhcp服务

chkconfig dhcpd on #设置开机启动

系统运维  www.osyunwei.com  温馨提醒：qihang01原创内容©版权所有,转载请注明出处及原文链接

七、配置kickstart自动安装文件

yum install system-config-kickstart #安装工具包

cd /var/www/html

vi ks.cfg #编辑

# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.

install

url --url=http://192.168.21.128/os/

lang en_US.UTF-8

zerombr yes

key --skip

keyboard us

network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --onboot on

#network --device eth0 --bootproto static --ip 192.168.21.250 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --gateway 192.168.21.2 --nameserver 8.8.8.8 --hostname CentOS5.10

rootpw --iscrypted $1$QqobZZ1g$rYnrawi9kYlEeUuq1vcRS/

firewall --enabled --port=22:tcp

authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5

selinux --disabled

timezone Asia/Shanghai

bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda

# The following is the partition information you requested

# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed

# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is

# not guaranteed to work

#clearpart --linux

clearpart --all --initlabel

part / --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --size=2048

part /boot --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --size=128

part swap --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="swap" --size=500

part /data --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --grow --size=1

reboot

%packages

ntp

expect

@base

@core

@dialup

@editors

@text-internet

keyutils

trousers

fipscheck

device-mapper-multipath

%post

#同步系统时间

ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org

hwclock --systohc

echo -e "0 1 * * * root /usr/sbin/ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org > /dev/null" >> /etc/crontab

service crond restart

#添加用户组

groupadd maintain

groupadd develop

mkdir -p /home/maintain

mkdir -p /home/develop

#添加用户

useradd -g maintain user01 -d /home/maintain/user01 -m

echo "123456"|passwd user01 --stdin

useradd -g maintain user02 -d /home/maintain/user02 -m

echo "123456"|passwd user02 --stdin

useradd -g maintain user03 -d /home/maintain/user03 -m

echo "123456"|passwd user03 --stdin

useradd -g maintain user04 -d /home/maintain/user04 -m

echo "123456"|passwd user04 --stdin

#禁止root用户直接登录系统

sed -i "s/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/g" '/etc/ssh/sshd_config'

service sshd restart

#禁止开机启动的服务

chkconfig acpid off

chkconfig atd off

chkconfig autofs off

chkconfig bluetooth off

chkconfig cpuspeed off

chkconfig firstboot off

chkconfig gpm off

chkconfig haldaemon off

chkconfig hidd off

chkconfig ip6tables off

chkconfig isdn off

chkconfig messagebus off

chkconfig nfslock off

chkconfig pcscd off

chkconfig portmap off

chkconfig rpcgssd off

chkconfig rpcidmapd off

chkconfig yum-updatesd off

chkconfig sendmail off

#允许开机启动的服务

chkconfig crond on

chkconfig kudzu on

chkconfig network on

chkconfig readahead_early on

chkconfig sshd on

chkconfig syslog on

#禁止使用Ctrl+Alt+Del快捷键重启服务器

sed -i "s/ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now/#ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now/g" '/etc/inittab'

telinit q

#优化系统内核

echo -e "ulimit -c unlimited" >> /etc/profile

echo -e "ulimit -s unlimited" >> /etc/profile

echo -e "ulimit -SHn 65535" >> /etc/profile

source /etc/profile

sed -i "s/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1/g" '/etc/sysctl.conf'

echo -e "net.core.somaxconn = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.core.wmem_default = 8388608" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.core.rmem_default = 8388608" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.core.rmem_max = 16777216" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.core.wmem_max = 16777216" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max = 131072" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 180" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 20" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 819200" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10024 65535" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 5" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 8192 131072 16777216" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 32768 131072 16777216" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo -e "net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

/sbin/sysctl -p

#执行外部脚本

cd /root

wget http://192.168.21.128/autoip.sh

sh /root/autoip.sh

:wq! #保存退出

八、添加脚本，自动设置Linux系统静态IP地址、DNS、网关、计算机名称

cd /var/www/html

vi autoip.sh #编辑

#!/bin/sh

ROUTE=$(route -n|grep "^0.0.0.0"|awk '{print $2}')

BROADCAST=$(/sbin/ifconfig eth0|grep -i bcast|awk '{print $3}'|awk -F":" '{print $2}')

HWADDR=$(/sbin/ifconfig eth0|grep -i HWaddr|awk '{print $5}')

IPADDR=$(/sbin/ifconfig eth0|grep "inet addr"|awk '{print $2}'|awk -F":" '{print $2}')

NETMASK=$(/sbin/ifconfig eth0|grep "inet addr"|awk '{print $4}'|awk -F":" '{print $2}')

cat >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0<<EOF

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=static

BROADCAST=$BROADCAST

HWADDR=$HWADDR

IPADDR=$IPADDR

NETMASK=$NETMASK

GATEWAY=$ROUTE

ONBOOT=yes

EOF

IPADDR1=$(echo $IPADDR|awk -F"." '{print $4}')

cat >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1<<EOF

DEVICE=eth1

BOOTPROTO=static

BROADCAST=10.0.0.255

HWADDR=$(/sbin/ifconfig eth1|grep -i HWaddr|awk '{print $5}')

IPADDR=10.0.0.$IPADDR1

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

ONBOOT=yes

EOF

HOSTNAME=OsYunWei_HZ_$(echo $IPADDR|awk -F"." '{print $4}')

cat >/etc/sysconfig/network<<EOF

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=no

HOSTNAME=$HOSTNAME

GATEWAY=$ROUTE

EOF

echo "127.0.0.1 $HOSTNAME" >> /etc/hosts

hostname=$HOSTNAME

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf

echo "nameserver 8.8.4.4" >> /etc/resolv.conf

:wq! #保存退出

第二部分：设置要安装的服务器从网络启动

开机之后，如下图所示，系统已经自动安装

系统运维  www.osyunwei.com  温馨提醒：qihang01原创内容©版权所有,转载请注明出处及原文链接

备注：系统安装完成之后，第一启动请设置为硬盘，否则系统重新之后又自动安装系统了！

至此，Kickstart+HTTP+DHCP+TFTP全自动批量安装部署Linux系统安装完成！